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A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values.
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A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values. So I specify the options in a compact dictionary containing the name of the parameter, and a list of values to test, and then convert that into a list of single-entry-per-key dictionaries that contain all possible permutations of those configuration parameters. This is a more complicated version of the problem but it is still essentially creating a dictionary with a for loop. I wanted to create a database of all my photos/videos on my computer - 1000s of them and create a dictionary record for each photo which used the name of the photo/movie to identify the record. Python: How to Remove multiple keys from Dictionary while Iterating? Python: How to create a list of all the Values in a dictionary? Python: How to check if a key exists in dictionary? Python: How to find keys by value in dictionary? Python: How to add / append key value pairs in dictionary using dict.update.
Create and print a dictionary:
You can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its key name, inside square brackets:
Get the value of the 'model' key:
Try it Yourself »There is also a method called get()
that will give you the same result:
Get the value of the 'model' key:
Try it Yourself »You can change the value of a specific item by referring to its key name:
Change the 'year' to 2018:
You can loop through a dictionary by using a for
loop.
When looping through a dictionary, the return value are the keys of the dictionary, but there are methods to return the values as well.
Print all key names in the dictionary, one by one:
Try it Yourself »Print all values in the dictionary, one by one:
Try it Yourself »You can also use the values()
function to return values of a dictionary:
Loop through both keys and values, by using the items()
function:
To determine if a specified key is present in a dictionary use the in
keyword:
Check if 'model' is present in the dictionary:
To determine how many items (key-value pairs) a dictionary has, use the len()
method.
Print the number of items in the dictionary:
Try it Yourself »Adding an item to the dictionary is done by using a new index key and assigning a value to it:
There are several methods to remove items from a dictionary:
The pop()
method removes the item with the specified key name:
The popitem()
method removes the last inserted item (in versions before 3.7, a random item is removed instead):
The del
keyword removes the item with the specified key name:
The del
keyword can also delete the dictionary completely:
The clear()
method empties the dictionary:
You cannot copy a dictionary simply by typing dict2 = dict1
, because: dict2
will only be a reference to dict1
, and changes made in dict1
will automatically also be made in dict2
.
There are ways to make a copy, one way is to use the built-in Dictionary method copy()
.
Make a copy of a dictionary with the copy()
method:
Another way to make a copy is to use the built-in method dict()
.
Make a copy of a dictionary with the dict()
method:
A dictionary can also contain many dictionaries, this is called nested dictionaries.
Create a dictionary that contain three dictionaries:
Or, if you want to nest three dictionaries that already exists as dictionaries:
Create three dictionaries, than create one dictionary that will contain the other three dictionaries:
It is also possible to use the dict() constructor to make a new dictionary:
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on dictionaries.
Method | Description |
---|---|
clear() | Removes all the elements from the dictionary |
copy() | Returns a copy of the dictionary |
fromkeys() | Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value |
get() | Returns the value of the specified key |
items() | Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair |
keys() | Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys |
pop() | Removes the element with the specified key |
popitem() | Removes the last inserted key-value pair |
setdefault() | Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does not exist: insert the key, with the specified value |
update() | Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs |
values() | Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary |