I want to add new user accounts that can connect to my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Linux instance using SSH. How do I do that?
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Every Amazon EC2 Linux instance launches with a default system user account with administrative access to the instance. If multiple users require access to the instance, it's a security best practice to use separate accounts for each user.
You can expedite these steps by using cloud-init and user data. For more information, see How can I give a user permissions to connect to my EC2 Linux instance using SSH?
Create a key pair for the new user account
Add a new user to the EC2 Linux instance
1. Connect to your Linux instance using SSH.
2. Use the adduser command to add a new user account to an EC2 instance (replace new_user with the new account name). The following example creates an associated group, home directory, and an entry in the /etc/passwd file of the instance:
Note: If you add the new_user to an Ubuntu instance, include the --disabled-password option to avoid adding a password to the new account:
3. Change the security context to the new_user account so that folders and files you create have the correct permissions:
How to generate JWTs JWTs Overview. The Nexmo Client SDKs use JWTs for authentication when a user logs in. These JWTs are generated using the application ID and private key that is provided when a new application is created. Using that private.key and the application ID, we can mint a new JWT. In order to log a user into a Nexmo client, the JWT will need the following claims. App jwt nexmo jwt generate private.key application_id your_app_id login. The Nexmo CLI provides a command for generating a JWT. The general syntax is: nexmo jwt:generate options privatekey claim = value. An example of generating a JWT for a Voice API application is as follows: nexmo jwt:generate path/to/private.key applicationid = asdasdas-asdd-2344-2344-asdasdasd345 An example of generating a JWT for a Client SDK application is as follows.
Note: When you run the sudo su - new_user command, the name at the top of the command shell prompt changes to reflect the new user account context of your shell session.
4. Create a .ssh directory in the new_user home directory:
5. Use the chmod command to change the .ssh directory's permissions to 700. Changing the permissions restricts access so that only the new_user can read, write, or open the .ssh directory.
6. Use the touch command to create the authorized_keys file in the .ssh directory:
7. Use the chmod command to change the .ssh/authorized_keys file permissions to 600. Changing the file permissions restricts read or write access to the new_user.
Retrieve the public key for your key pair
Retrieve the public key for your key pair using the method that applies to your configuration:
Verify your key pair's fingerprint
After you import your own public key or retrieve the public key for your key pair, follow the steps at Verifying Your Key Pair's Fingerprint.
Update and verify the new user account credentials
After you retrieve the public key, use the command shell session that is running under the context of the new user account to confirm that you have permission to add the public key to the .ssh/authorized_keys file for this account:
1. Run the Linux cat command in append mode:
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2. Paste the public key into the .ssh/authorized_keys file and then press Enter.
Note: For most Linux command line interfaces, the Ctrl+Shift+V key combination pastes the contents of the clipboard into the command line window. For the PuTTY command line interface, right-click to paste the contents of the clipboard into the PuTTY command line window.
3. Press and hold Ctrl+d to exit cat and return to the command line session prompt.
(Optional) Allow the new user to use sudo
Note: If you don't want to allow the new user to use sudo, proceed to Verify that the new user can use SSH to connect to the EC2 instance.
1. Use the passwd command to create a password for the new user:
Note: You're prompted to reenter the password. Enter the password a second time to confirm it.
2. Add the new user to the correct group.
For Amazon Linux, Amazon Linux 2, RHEL, and CentOS:
Use the usermod command to add the user to the wheel group.
For Ubuntu:
Use the usermod command to add the user to the sudo group.
Verify that the new user can use SSH to connect to the EC2 instance
1. Verify that you can connect to your EC2 instance when using ssh as the new_user by running the following command from a command line prompt on your local computer:
To connect to your EC2 Linux instance using SSH from Windows, follow the steps at Connecting to Your Linux Instance from Windows Using PuTTY.
2. After you connect to your instance as the new_user by using SSH, run the id command from the EC2 instance command line to view the user and group information created for the new_user account:
The id command returns information similar to the following:
3. Distribute the private key file to your new user.
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